The Tây Ninh Holy See: Exploring Its Fascinating Secrets

Among the numerous famous landmarks in Tay Ninh, the Cao Dai Holy See is a definite must-visit for any traveler journeying to this westernmost province of Vietnam's Southeast region.
Tây Ninh Holy See – A Cao Đài Architectural Masterpiece and Unique Spiritual Symbol of Southern Vietnam
Among Tây Ninh's many famous landmarks, the Holy See stands out as a must-visit destination for any traveler exploring this westernmost part of the Southeast region.

The Tây Ninh Holy See is also affectionately known by locals as the Sacred Temple (Đền Thánh). The complex is located on Phạm Hộ Pháp Street, Hòa Thành Town, Tây Ninh Province, approximately 5km southeast of Tây Ninh City and about 100km west of Ho Chi Minh City.

The name Tây Ninh Holy See is what locals commonly call it. Within the Cao Đài religion, the full name of the Sacred Temple is "Tòa thánh Đại đạo Tam Kỳ Phổ độ" (Holy See of the Great Way of the Third Period of Universal Salvation) or "Tòa thánh Cao Đài" (Cao Đài Holy See). The complex comprises over 100 large and small architectural structures within a spacious 1.2 square kilometer compound, surrounded by 12 gates. All gates are intricately carved with the Four Holy Beasts (Dragon, Unicorn, Turtle, Phoenix) and lotus flowers.

At the heart of this complex is the Holy See, measuring 135m long and 27m wide. The main entrance faces west, featuring the Tam Đài (Three Towers) at 36m high, Hiệp Thiên Đài (two bell and drum towers) at 27m high, Nghinh Phong Đài, Cửu Trùng Đài, and Bát Quái Đài, all reaching 36m. Interestingly, many parts of the Holy See are built with dimensions that are fundamental multiples of nine.

Beyond these figures, we must also mention the Bát Quái Đài, standing 9m high and built on a square base, with each side measuring 27m. Following this is the Cửu Trùng Đài (Main Sanctuary), which is 27m wide and 81m long. The Hiệp Thiên Đài is built adjacent to it, forming a square with each side also 27m long.
This colossal structure was built over more than 20 years (from 1926 to 1947), spanning five construction phases. Notably, throughout this period, those involved in its construction had to take the 'Hồng Thệ' (a vow of celibacy), aiming to maintain "purity" for the creation of the Holy See. This edifice is considered by Cao Đài followers to be a harmonious blend of 'Thiên Ý' (Divine Will) and 'Nhân Lực' (Human Effort).

This serves as the central place of worship for the Cao Đài religion, known as 'Tổ Đình' (Ancestral Temple), as Tây Ninh is considered the religion's ancestral land. According to its doctrine, Cao Đài's principles are 'Quy Nguyên Tam Giáo' (Unification of the Three Teachings: Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism) and 'Phục Nhất Ngũ Chi' (Restoration of the Five Branches: Humanism, Spiritism, Sainthood, Immortality, and Buddhism).

The Cửu Trùng Đài (Main Sanctuary) is undoubtedly the most captivating area for visitors within the Holy See. This expansive space, 81m long and 27m wide, is elegantly divided from other areas within the Main Sanctuary by 18 intricately carved and dragon-decorated pillars arranged on two sides.

These rows of pillars divide the Cửu Trùng Đài area into nine sections, each spaced 18cm apart. This sacred space is where each rank of follower performs their rituals. During worship ceremonies, dignitaries and adherents occupy specific positions corresponding to their spiritual rank within the Cao Đài religion. Above, the ceiling features painted stars and clouds, symbolizing the celestial realms.

The Bát Quái Đài is an area situated at the far end of the Sacred Temple, forming the tail section of the Long Mã (Dragon Horse) and facing directly east. The Bát Quái Đài features a yellow-painted roof. This area is distinguished by eight dragon pillars arranged in the shape of the Bát Quái (Eight Trigrams). At its center is the Càn Khôn globe, with a diameter of 3.3m. This particular feature makes the Holy See unique among other Cao Đài temples.

Each Cao Đài temple is only permitted to worship the Holy Image of the Divine Eye (Thiên Nhãn), typically depicted as a painting. However, at the Holy See, the Divine Eye is uniquely rendered on a large globe called the Càn Khôn, symbolizing the religion's cosmology. At the heart of the Càn Khôn, a lamp named Thái Cực is kept eternally lit, day and night. Surrounding the Divine Eye on the Càn Khôn are 3,072 stars, representing 72 terrestrial globes and 3,000 worlds.
Another unique feature at the Holy See is the painting depicting the Tam Thánh (Three Saints) signing the Thiên Nhân Hòa Ước (Covenant Between Heaven and Humanity). The Tam Thánh are three revered saints who lead Bạch Vân Động (White Cloud Cave), the sacred realm of the Cao Đài religion. These saints include: Thanh Sơn Đạo Sĩ, whose earthly incarnation was Trạng Trình Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm of Vietnam; Nguyệt Tâm Chân Nhân, incarnated as the great French writer Victor Hugo; and Trung Sơn Chân Nhân, incarnated as the Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat-sen.

The painting depicts Thanh Sơn Đạo Sĩ (the Saint of the Green Mountain) wearing traditional Vietnamese court attire, holding a brush and writing the words: 'Thiên Thượng Thiên Hạ – Bác Ái Công Bình' (Heaven Above, Earth Below – Universal Love and Justice). Beside him is Nguyệt Tâm Chân Nhân (the Saint of the Moon's Heart), dressed in French court attire, holding a quill pen and writing the French phrase: 'DIEU et HUMANITÉ – AMOUR et JUSTICE' (God and Humanity – Love and Justice), which carries the same meaning. Trung Sơn Chân Nhân (the Saint of the Central Mountain) stands nearby, holding a red inkstone for the two to write.
The Thiên Nhân Hòa Ước (Covenant Between Heaven and Humanity) is an agreement between God and humanity. In this covenant, humans, as the foremost of all beings on Earth, represent all creatures in promising to live in harmony with nature and the cosmos. According to the Cao Đài religion, this covenant was signed in 1926, coinciding with the religion's establishment.

If you visit the Holy See around 12 PM, you'll have the opportunity to witness the main ceremony of Cao Đài followers. During other hours, visitors are welcome to explore the entire intricate complex. Here are some important tips for visitors: Please remove your shoes before entering. Dress modestly and respectfully. Maintain a quiet demeanor. Help keep the area clean. When entering the Grand Sanctuary, men should use the right entrance, and women should use the left entrance.

More than just a significant religious center for Cao Đài adherents, the Tây Ninh Holy See, with its incredibly unique architecture and long history, built by the hands of untrained farmers, is also regarded as one of the most attractive tourist destinations in the Southeast region of Vietnam.
Tay Ninh 6333 view
Update day : 03/08/2023
Source : Hà Nội mới Affiliate links
Monuments close by
See allNearby tourist attractions
See all

























